Leveraging Solidification Dynamics to Design Robust Ice-Shedding Surfaces.

The adhesion of ice to external surfaces is an important challenge in many industries. This has sparked much research into fabricating surfaces with low ice adhesion strengths. Our novel approach to designing ice-shedding surfaces leverages the dynamics of water solidification to induce beneficial stress concentrations throughout the iced interface. We have chosen a bare woven metal wire cloth substrate to demonstrate these principles. The pore geometries of the wire cloths lead to stress concentrations upon freezing and expansion of the water/ice, while their microstructural topography allows for facile crack opening. We have discovered that by leveraging knowledge of the underlying physical processes involved in ice formation and delamination, we can engineer a robust metal surface to have an extremely low ice adhesion strength (12.5 kPa) without using chemical coatings.