Phosphorylating Tannin in Urea System: A Simple Approach for Enhanced Methylene Blue Removal from Aqueous Media.
Leila AzaryouhAnass Ait BenhamouKhalid AzizHoussine KhaliliAleksander JaworskiLatif UllahAbdelghani BoussettaAdil AboulkasAmine MoubarikMounir El AchabyZineb KassabPublished in: Biomacromolecules (2024)
Tannin, after lignin, is one of the most abundant sources of natural aromatic biomolecules. It has been used and chemically modified during the past few decades to create novel biobased materials. This work intended to functionalize for the first time quebracho Tannin (T) through a simple phosphorylation process in a urea system. The phosphorylation of tannin was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), NMR, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), while further characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to investigate the morphology, composition, structure, and thermal degradation of the phosphorylated material. Results indicated the occurrence of phosphorylation, suggesting the insertion of phosphate-containing groups into the tannin structure, revealing a high content of phosphate for modified tannin (PT). This elevated phosphorus content serves as evidence for the successful incorporation of phosphate groups through the functionalization process. The corresponding PT and T were employed as adsorbents for methylene blue (MB) removal from aqueous solutions. The results revealed that the Langmuir isotherm model effectively represents the adsorption isotherms. Additionally, the pseudo-second-order model indicates that chemisorption predominantly controls the adsorption mechanism. This finding also supports the fact that the introduced phosphate groups via the phosphorylation process significantly contributed to the improved adsorption capacity. Under neutral pH conditions and at room temperature, the material achieved an impressive adsorption capacity of 339.26 mg·g -1 in about 2 h.
Keyphrases
- high resolution
- electron microscopy
- ionic liquid
- room temperature
- aqueous solution
- protein kinase
- single molecule
- solid state
- risk assessment
- mass spectrometry
- magnetic resonance
- solid phase extraction
- high speed
- computed tomography
- drinking water
- tandem mass spectrometry
- amino acid
- liquid chromatography
- energy transfer
- sewage sludge