Immune response and cytokine profiles in post-laminectomy pain syndrome: comparative analysis after treatment with intrathecal opioids, oral opioids, and non-opioid therapies.

Christiane Pellegrino RosaDaniel Ciampi de AndradeEduardo Silva Reis BarretoCésar Romero Antunes JúniorVinicius Borges AlencarLiliane Elze Falcão Lins-KustererDurval Campos KraycheteManoel Jacobsen Teixeira

Published in: Inflammopharmacology (2024)

Associations between cytokines, cellular immunity, and prolonged morphine treatment, administered orally and intrathecally were identified.

Keyphrases

chronic pain
pain management
immune response
combination therapy
inflammatory response