Pectin-Lyase-Modified Ginseng Extract and Ginsenoside Rd Inhibits High Glucose-Induced ROS Production in Mesangial Cells and Prevents Renal Dysfunction in db/db Mice.
Eunsoo JungMi-Kyung PyoJunghyun KimPublished in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Diabetes increases the incidence rate of chronic renal disease. Pectin-lyase-modified ginseng (GS-E3D), with enhanced ginsenoside Rd content, has been newly developed. In this study, renal protective roles of GS-E3D in type-2 diabetic db/db mice were investigated. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by high glucose (25 mM) was reduced by ES-E3D (75%) and ginsenoside Rd (60%). Diabetic db/db mice received 100 or 250 mg/kg/day of GS-E3D daily via oral gavage for 6 weeks. Albuminuria and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG, an oxidative stress marker) levels were increased in db/db mice and the levels recovered after GS-E3D treatment. In renal tissues, TUNEL-positive cells were decreased after GS-E3D treatment, and the increased apoptosis-related protein expressions were restored after GS-E3D treatment. Therefore, GS-E3D has a potent protective role in diabetes-induced renal dysfunction through antioxidative and antiapoptotic activities. These results may help patients to select a dietary supplement for diabetes when experiencing renal dysfunction.
Keyphrases
- high glucose
- oxidative stress
- endothelial cells
- induced apoptosis
- type diabetes
- reactive oxygen species
- cell cycle arrest
- cell death
- diabetic rats
- cardiovascular disease
- dna damage
- high fat diet induced
- glycemic control
- adipose tissue
- newly diagnosed
- end stage renal disease
- metabolic syndrome
- ejection fraction
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- mass spectrometry
- high resolution
- combination therapy
- replacement therapy
- weight loss
- patient reported
- heat shock protein
- atomic force microscopy