Cobalt phosphide has been widely used in various catalytic reactions due to its excellent catalytic activity and stability. In contrast to the conventional synthesis of Co 2 P nanorods using expensive and toxic trioctylphosphine (TOP), this study employs a dual-ligand strategy to prepare iron-atom-doped monodisperse Co 2 P nanorods. The strategy involves the use of triphenylphosphite (TPOP) as a cost-effective and relatively less toxic strong ligand, alongside hexadecylamine (HDA) as a weaker ligand. The resultant atom-doped Co 2 P nanorods exhibited a large aspect ratio, providing a plentiful supply of active sites for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. In both alkaline and acidic electrolytes, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm -2 required overpotentials of 91 and 141 mV, respectively, with the optimal Co:Fe molar ratio of 1:0.2. The introduction of Fe atoms through doping increased the electron density at the Co atom sites, thereby enhancing H adsorption. This research offers a cost-effective and relatively low-toxicity method for the controlled fabrication of monodisperse transition-metal phosphide nanorods, enabling efficient catalytic reactions.