Meta-analysis of gene-environment-wide association scans accounting for education level identifies additional loci for refractive error.

Qiao FanVirginie J M VerhoevenRobert WojciechowskiVeluchamy A BarathiPirro G HysiJeremy A GuggenheimRené HöhnVeronique VitartAnthony P KhawajaKenji YamashiroS Mohsen HosseiniTerho LehtimäkiYi LuToomas HallerJing XieCécile DelcourtMario PirastuJuho WedenojaPuya GharahkhaniCristina VenturiniMasahiro MiyakeAlex W HewittXiaobo GuoJohanna MazurJenifer E HuffmanKatie M WilliamsOzren PolasekHarry CampbellIgor RudanZoran VatavukJames F WilsonPeter K JoshiGeorge McMahonBeate St PourcainDavid M EvansClaire L SimpsonTae-Hwi Schwantes-AnRobert P IgoAlireza MirshahiAudrey Cougnard-GregoireCéline BellenguezMaria BlettnerOlli RaitakariMika KähönenIlkka SeppalaTanja ZellerThomas Meitingernull nullJanina S RiedChristian GiegerLaura PortasElisabeth M van LeeuwenNajaf AminAndré G UitterlindenFernando RivadeneiraAlbert HofmanJohannes R VingerlingYa Xing WangXu WangEileen Tai-Hui BohM Kamran IkramCharumathi SabanayagamPreeti GuptaVincent TanLei ZhouCandice E H HoWan'e LimRoger W BeuermanRosalynn SiantarE-Shyong TaiEranga VithanaEvelin MihailovChiea-Chuen KhorCaroline HaywardRobert N LubenPaul J FosterBarbara E K KleinRonald KleinHoi-Suen WongPaul MitchellAndres MetspaluTin AungTerri L YoungMingguang HeOlavi PärssinenCornelia M van DuijnJie Jin WangCathy WilliamsJost Bruno JonasYik-Ying TeoDavid A MackeyKonrad OexleNagahisa YoshimuraAndrew D PatersonNorbert PfeifferTien-Yin WongPaul N BairdDwight StambolianJoan E Bailey WilsonChing-Yu ChengChristopher J HammondCaroline C W KlaverSeang-Mei SawJugnoo S RahiJean-François KorobelnikJohn P KempNicholas J TimpsonGeorge Davey SmithJamie E CraigKathryn P BurdonRhys D FogartySudha K IyengarEmily ChewSarayut JanmahasatianNicholas G MartinStuart MacGregorLiang XuMaria SchacheVinay NangiaSonghomitra Panda-JonasAlan F WrightJeremy R FondranJonathan H LassSheng FengJing Hua ZhaoKay-Tee KhawNick J WarehamTaina RantanenJaakko KaprioChi Pui PangLi Jia ChenPancy O TamVishal JhanjiAlvin L YoungAngela DöringLeslie J RaffelMary-Frances CotchXiaohui LiShea Ping YipMaurice K H YapGinevra BiinoSimona VaccargiuMaurizio FossarelloBrian FleckSeyhan YazarJan Willem L TidemanMilly TedjaMargaret M DeangelisMargaux MorrisonLindsay FarrerXiangtian ZhouWei ChenNobuhisa MizukiAkira MeguroKari Matti Mäkelä
Published in: Nature communications (2016)
Myopia is the most common human eye disorder and it results from complex genetic and environmental causes. The rapidly increasing prevalence of myopia poses a major public health challenge. Here, the CREAM consortium performs a joint meta-analysis to test single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) main effects and SNP × education interaction effects on refractive error in 40,036 adults from 25 studies of European ancestry and 10,315 adults from 9 studies of Asian ancestry. In European ancestry individuals, we identify six novel loci (FAM150B-ACP1, LINC00340, FBN1, DIS3L-MAP2K1, ARID2-SNAT1 and SLC14A2) associated with refractive error. In Asian populations, three genome-wide significant loci AREG, GABRR1 and PDE10A also exhibit strong interactions with education (P<8.5 × 10(-5)), whereas the interactions are less evident in Europeans. The discovery of these loci represents an important advance in understanding how gene and environment interactions contribute to the heterogeneity of myopia.