Rational treatment options for T1/2N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: a population-based study combined with external validation.

The nomogram developed in this study effectively and comprehensively evaluated the prognosis of patients with cT1/2N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. Local excision is recommended for low risk patients, radiotherapy for moderate-risk patients, and radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for high-risk patients.