Antibiotic resistance and heteroresistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates from symptomatic Vietnamese children: A prospective multicenter study.

The alarming rate of antibiotic resistance for H. pylori, especially for CLA, with emerging multi- and hetero-resistant strains, pose a major treatment challenge that precludes CLA use as empirical therapy. Biopsies from both antrum and corpus can improve H. pylori culture, allowing tailored treatment based on antimicrobial susceptibility.