Purely endoscopic subtemporal keyhole anterior transpetrosal approach to access the petrous apex region: surgical techniques and early results.

An eATPA allows a direct route to access Meckel's cave and posterior cranial fossa lesions similar to conventional mATPA, with shortening the operative time and reducing the risk of postoperative temporal lobe edema. This eATPA is considered one of the new surgical techniques that can be expected to develop in the future.