Postprandial Dysmetabolism and Its Medical Implications.
Emanuel SassoLara BatičićVlatka SotošekPublished in: Life (Basel, Switzerland) (2023)
An unbalanced diet increases the risk of developing a variety of chronic diseases and cancers, leading to higher morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Low-grade systemic chronic inflammation mediated by the activation of the innate immune system is common to all these pathologies. Inflammation is a biological response of the body and a normal part of host defense to combat the effects of bacteria, viruses, toxins and macronutrients. However, when the innate immune system is constantly activated, it can promote the development of low-grade systemic chronic inflammation, which could play an important role in the development of chronic diseases and cancer. Since most chronic inflammatory diseases are associated with diet, a balanced healthy diet high in anti-inflammatory food components could prevent chronic diseases and cancer. The cells of the body's immune system produce chemokines and cytokines which can have pro-inflammatory and tumor-promoting as well as anti-inflammatory and tumor-fighting functions. A challenge in the future will be to assess whether polymorphisms in immune-related genes may play a role in promoting pro-inflammatory activity. Thanks to this duality, future research on immune regulation could focus on how innate immune cells can be modified to convert a pro-inflammatory and tumor-friendly microenvironment into an anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor one. This review describes inflammatory responses mediated by the innate immune system in various diseases such as hyperglycemia and/or hyperlipemia, obesity, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Keyphrases
- low grade
- immune response
- anti inflammatory
- papillary thyroid
- cardiovascular disease
- high grade
- oxidative stress
- weight loss
- squamous cell
- type diabetes
- physical activity
- metabolic syndrome
- childhood cancer
- healthcare
- insulin resistance
- induced apoptosis
- current status
- squamous cell carcinoma
- blood pressure
- cell death
- body mass index
- young adults
- blood glucose
- weight gain
- cardiovascular risk factors
- high fat diet induced