Crackled nanocapsules: the "imperfect" structure for enzyme immobilization.

Herein, the first example of crackled organosilica nanocapsules (CONs) is reported to directly immobilize enzymes without any further chemical modification. Enzymes are adsorbed on both the exterior and interior surfaces of CONs, integrating the merits of adsorption and encapsulation. When used for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization, the CONs displayed higher enzyme loading, lower enzyme leaching, and elevated enzyme activity, compared to the conventional non-crackled nanocapsules/particles.