Female bladder outlet obstruction: Common symptoms masking an uncommon cause.
Sachin MaldeEskinder SolomonMarco SpilotrosBashir MukhtarMahreen PakzadRizwan HamidJeremy OckrimTamsin GreenwellPublished in: Lower urinary tract symptoms (2017)
BOO was present in 19% of women with LUTS. Functional sphincteric obstruction was the most common cause (36%), followed by obstruction after anti-incontinence surgery (21%). The most common presenting symptom was daytime urinary frequency. BOO should be suspected in women with refractory LUTS, especially those presenting with urinary frequency.