Unloading the Left Ventricle in Venoarterial ECMO: In Whom, When, and How?
Saad M EzadMatthew RyanDirk W DonkerFederico PappalardoNicholas A BarrettLuigi CamporotaSusanna PriceNavin K KapurDivaka PereraPublished in: Circulation (2023)
Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation provides cardiorespiratory support to patients in cardiogenic shock. This comes at the cost of increased left ventricle (LV) afterload that can be partly ascribed to retrograde aortic flow, causing LV distension, and leads to complications including cardiac thrombi, arrhythmias, and pulmonary edema. LV unloading can be achieved by using an additional circulatory support device to mitigate the adverse effects of mechanical overload that may increase the likelihood of myocardial recovery. Observational data suggest that these strategies may improve outcomes, but in whom, when, and how LV unloading should be employed is unclear; all techniques require balancing presumed benefits against known risks of device-related complications. This review summarizes the current evidence related to LV unloading with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Keyphrases
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- pulmonary hypertension
- left ventricular
- respiratory failure
- pulmonary artery
- mitral valve
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- mechanical ventilation
- newly diagnosed
- risk factors
- heart failure
- congenital heart disease
- body composition
- prognostic factors
- type diabetes
- aortic valve
- emergency department
- deep learning
- patient reported
- risk assessment
- climate change
- intensive care unit
- atrial fibrillation
- artificial intelligence