Valproate-Induced Metabolic Syndrome.
Natalya A ShnayderVioletta V GrechkinaVera V TrefilovaIlya S EfremovEvgenia A DontcevaEkaterina A NarodovaMarina M PetrovaIrina A SolovevaLiia E TepnadzePolina A ReznichenkoMustafa Al-ZamilGulnara I AltynbekovaAnna I StrelnikRegina F NasyrovaPublished in: Biomedicines (2023)
Valproic acid (VPA) and its salts (sodium calcium magnesium and orotic) are psychotropic drugs that are widely used in neurology and psychiatry. The long-term use of VPA increases the risk of developing adverse drug reactions (ADRs), among which metabolic syndrome (MetS) plays a special role. MetS belongs to a cluster of metabolic conditions such as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein. Valproate-induced MetS (VPA-MetS) is a common ADR that needs an updated multidisciplinary approach to its prevention and diagnosis. In this review, we consider the results of studies of blood (serum and plasma) and the urinary biomarkers of VPA-MetS. These metabolic biomarkers may provide the key to the development of a new multidisciplinary personalized strategy for the prevention and diagnosis of VPA-MetS in patients with neurological diseases, psychiatric disorders, and addiction diseases.
Keyphrases
- metabolic syndrome
- adverse drug
- high density
- blood glucose
- blood pressure
- insulin resistance
- drug induced
- high glucose
- type diabetes
- cardiovascular risk factors
- emergency department
- ionic liquid
- endothelial cells
- cardiovascular disease
- weight gain
- glycemic control
- weight loss
- adipose tissue
- heart rate
- skeletal muscle
- physical activity