Determining the Minimum Effective Concentration of Ropivacaine in Epidural Anesthesia for Tolerable Pain in Transforaminal Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy to Avoid Nerve Injury: A Double-Blind Study Using a Biased-Coin Design.
Bingwei HuLiang LiHongwei WangTingting MaZhimei FuXianhui KangZhi-Ying FengPublished in: Drug design, development and therapy (2022)
of ropivacaine was 0.294% for patients with allowed mild pain. This concentration could allow for timely feedback when the nerve root is contacted, to avoid nerve injury.