Housing temperature affects the acute and chronic metabolic adaptations to exercise in mice.
Greg L McKieKyle D MedakCarly M KnuthHesham ShamshoumLogan K TownsendWillem T PepplerDavid C WrightPublished in: The Journal of physiology (2019)
Mice are often housed at temperatures below their thermoneutral zone resulting in compensatory increases in thermogenesis. Despite this, many studies report housing mice at room temperature (RT), likely for the convenience of the researchers studying them. As such, the conflicting reports between humans and rodents regarding the ability of exercise to increase mitochondrial and thermogenic markers in white adipose tissue may be explained by the often-overlooked variable, housing temperature. To test this hypothesis, we housed male C57BL/6 mice at RT (22°C) or thermoneutrality (TN) (29°C) with or without access to a voluntary running wheel for 6 weeks or subjected them to an acute exhaustive bout of treadmill running. We examined the gene expression and protein content of select mitochondrial and thermogenic markers in skeletal muscle, epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). We also assessed adipocyte morphology and indices of glucose homeostasis. Housing temperature influenced glucose tolerance and insulin action in vivo, yet the beneficial effects of exercise, both acute and chronic, remained intact in eWAT, BAT and skeletal muscle irrespective of housing temperature. Housing mice at TN led to an attenuation of some of the effects of exercise on iWAT. Collectively, we present data characterizing the acute and chronic metabolic adaptations to exercise at different housing temperatures and demonstrate, for the first time, that temperature influences the ability of exercise to increase markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and the browning of white adipose tissue.
Keyphrases
- adipose tissue
- high intensity
- insulin resistance
- high fat diet induced
- skeletal muscle
- liver failure
- mental illness
- high fat diet
- resistance training
- gene expression
- physical activity
- respiratory failure
- drug induced
- room temperature
- oxidative stress
- type diabetes
- aortic dissection
- dna methylation
- emergency department
- mental health
- hepatitis b virus
- blood pressure
- prostate cancer
- small molecule
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- glycemic control
- preterm birth
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- mechanical ventilation
- amino acid
- protein protein