Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Wound-Healing Effects of Photobiomodulation on Type-2 Diabetic Rats.

Introduction: In the current study, the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) treatments were examined based on biomechanical and histological criteria and mRNA levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1 and 4 in a postponed, ischemic, and infected wound repair model (DIIWHM) in rats with type 2 diabetes (DM2) during the inflammation (day 4) and proliferation (day 8) stages. Methods: To study ischemic wound repair in a diabetic rat model (DIIWHM), 24 rats with type-2 diabetes were randomly divided into four groups and infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The control groups consisted of CG4 (control group on day 4) and CG8 (control group on day 8), while the PBM groups comprised PBM 4 (PBM treatment group on day 4) and PBM 8 (PBM treatment group on day 8). These group assignments allowed for comparisons between the control groups and the PBM-treated groups at their respective time points during the study. Results: On days 4 and 8 of wound restoration, the PBM 4 and PBM 8 groups showed substantially modulated inflammatory responses and improved formation of fibroblast tissue compared with the CG groups ( P <0.05). Concurrently, the effects of PBM 8 were significantly superior to those of PBM 4 ( P <0.05). The antioxidant results on days 4 and 8 revealed substantial increases in CAT and SOD in the PBM groups compared with the CGs ( P <0.05). Substantial decreases were observed in the antioxidant agents NOX1 and NOX4 of the PBM 4 and PBM 8 groups compared with both CGgroups ( P <0.05). Conclusion: PBM treatments significantly sped up the inflammatory and proliferating processes in a DHIIWM in DM2 animals by modifying the inflammatory reaction and boosting fibroblast proliferation. Overall, the current findings indicated substantially better results in the PBM groups than in the CG groups.