Glycaemic control and insulin therapy are significant confounders of the obesity paradox in patients with heart failure and diabetes mellitus.
Hanna FröhlichAnna BossmeyerSyed KazmiKevin M GoodeStefan AgewallDan AtarMorten GrundtvigNorbert FreyJohn G F ClelandLutz FrankensteinAndrew L ClarkTobias TägerPublished in: Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society (2023)
In patients with HFrEF, a higher BMI is associated with better survival irrespective of concomitant DM. However, insulin treatment and poor glycaemic control make the relationship much weaker.