Advances with the discovery and development of novel Sigma 1 receptor antagonists for the management of pain.

S1R antagonists represent a unique intracellular target for pain modulation, due to the receptor's chaperone activity in modulating various proteins in pain pathways. The research on S1R has grown exponentially in the last twenty years, and as more is understood about the basic science of the receptor, the drug development in this field will also flourish.