Personal and area exposure assessment at a stainless steel fabrication facility: an evaluation of inhalable, time-resolved PM10, and bioavailable airborne metals.
Ashley NewtonKarin AdamsBerrin SerdarL Miriam DickinsonKirsten A KoehlerPublished in: Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene (2021)
This study describes a comprehensive exposure assessment in a stainless steel welding facility, measuring personal inhalable PM and metals, time-resolved PM10 area metals, and the bioavailable fraction of area inhalable metals. Eighteen participants wore personal inhalable samplers for two, nonconsecutive shifts. Area inhalable samplers and a time-resolved PM10 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer were used in different work areas each sampling day. Inhalable and bioavailable metals were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Median exposures to chromium, nickel, and manganese across all measured shifts were 66 (range: 13-300) μg/m3, 29 (5.7-132) μg/m3, and 22 (1.5-119) μg/m3, respectively. Most exposure variation was seen between workers ( 0.79 < ICC < 0.55 ) , although cobalt and inhalable PM showed most variation within workers. Manganese was the most bioavailable metal from the inhalable size fraction (16 ± 3%), and chromium and nickel were 1.2 ± 0.08% and 2.6 ± 1.2% bioavailable, respectively. This comprehensive approach to welding-fume exposure assessment can allow for targeted approaches to controlling exposures based not only on individual measurements, but also on metal-specific measures and assessments of bioavailability.
Keyphrases
- particulate matter
- air pollution
- heavy metals
- health risk
- mass spectrometry
- human health
- health risk assessment
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- high resolution
- risk assessment
- water soluble
- magnetic resonance
- multiple sclerosis
- oxide nanoparticles
- carbon nanotubes
- cancer therapy
- magnetic resonance imaging
- liquid chromatography
- high performance liquid chromatography
- computed tomography
- energy transfer
- contrast enhanced