The interplay of hydrogen sulfide and microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases: insights and future perspectives.

Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is recognized as the third gasotransmitter, after nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). It is known for its cardioprotective properties, including the relaxation of blood vessels, promotion of angiogenesis, regulation of myocardial cell apoptosis, inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and reduction of inflammation. Additionally, abnormal H 2 S generation has been linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as pulmonary hypertension, hypertension, atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, and myocardial injury. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding, conserved, and versatile molecules that primarily influence gene expression by repressing translation and have emerged as biomarkers for CVD diagnosis. Studies have demonstrated that H 2 S can ameliorate cardiac dysfunction by regulating specific miRNAs, and certain miRNAs can also regulate H 2 S synthesis. The crosstalk between miRNAs and H 2 S offers a novel perspective for investigating the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of CVD. The present analysis outlines the interactions between H 2 S and miRNAs and their influence on CVD, providing insights into their future potential and advancement.