Association between total hypercalcaemia and iliosacral lymph node metastasis in dogs diagnosed with anal sac adenocarcinoma using abdominal ultrasonography.

Based on these results, it is suggested that while the presence of total hypercalcaemia may increase the likelihood of concurrent lymph node metastasis, total hypercalcaemia alone cannot be used as a screening tool for lymph node metastasis. Dogs diagnosed with ASACA should undergo full staging regardless of total serum calcium values.