Many strategies for regenerating the damaged tissues or degenerating cells are employed in regenerative medicine. Stem cell technology is a modern strategy of the recent approaches, particularly the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MCSs). The ability of MSCs to differentiate as well as their characteristic behaviour as paracrine effector has established them as key elements in tissue repair (Shaer et al., 2014 1 ). Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) shed by MSCs have emerged as a promising cell free therapy (Citation}Rani, S., Ryan, A. E., Griffin, M. D., and Ritter, T., 2015 2 ). This comprehensive review encompasses MSCs-derived exosomes and their therapeutic potential as nanotherapeutics. We also discuss their potency as drug delivery nano-carriers in comparison with liposomes. A better knowledge of EVs behaviour in vivo and of their mechanism of action are key to determine parameters of an optimal formulation in pilot studies and to establish industrial processes.
Keyphrases
- mesenchymal stem cells
- cell free
- drug delivery
- umbilical cord
- stem cells
- cancer therapy
- drug release
- cell therapy
- induced apoptosis
- bone marrow
- circulating tumor
- healthcare
- gene expression
- cell cycle arrest
- wastewater treatment
- heavy metals
- dendritic cells
- study protocol
- regulatory t cells
- signaling pathway
- immune response