A genetic probe into the ancient and medieval history of Southern Europe and West Asia.
Iosif LazaridisSongül Alpaslan-RoodenbergAyşe AcarAyşen AçıkkolAnagnostis AgelarakisLevon AghikyanUğur AkyüzDesislava AndreevaGojko AndrijaševićDragana AntonovićIan ArmitAlper AtmacaPavel AvetisyanAhmet İhsan AytekKrum BacvarovRuben BadalyanStefan BakardzhievJacqueline BalenLorenc BejkoRebecca BernardosAndreas BertsatosHanifi BiberAhmet BilirMario BodružićMichelle BonogofskyClive BonsallDušan BorićNikola BorovinićGuillermo Bravo MoranteKatharina ButtingerKimberly CallanFrancesca CandilioMario CarićOlivia CheronetStefan ChohadzhievMaria-Eleni ChovalopoulouStella ChryssoulakiIon CiobanuNatalija ČondićMihai ConstantinescuEmanuela CristianiBrendan J CulletonElizabeth CurtisJack DavisTatiana I DemcencoValentin DergachevZafer DerinSylvia DeskajSeda DevejyanVojislav DjordjevićKellie Sara Duffett CarlsonLaurie R EcclesNedko ElenskiAtilla EnginNihat ErdoğanSabiha Erir-PazarcıDaniel Magalhaes FernandesMatthew FerrySuzanne FreilichAlin FrînculeasaMichael L GalatyBeatriz GamarraBoris GasparyanBisserka GaydarskaElif GençTimur GültekinSerkan GündüzTamás HajduVolker HeydSuren HobosyanNelli HovhannisyanIliya IlievIliya IlievStanislav Ilievİlkay İvginIvor JankovićLence JovanovaPanagiotis KarkanasBerna Kavaz-KındığılıEsra Hilal KayaDenise KeatingDouglas J KennettSeda Deniz KesiciAnahit KhudaverdyanKrisztián KissSinan KılıçPaul KlostermannSinem Kostak Boca Negra ValdesSaša KovačevićMarta Krenz-NiedbałaMaja Krznarić ŠkrivankoRovena KurtiPasko KuzmanAnn Marie LawsonCatalin LazarKrassimir LeshtakovThomas E LevyIoannis LiritzisKirsi O LorentzSylwia ŁukasikMatthew MahSwapan MallickKirsten MandlKristine Martirosyan-OlshanskyRoger MatthewsWendy MatthewsKathleen McSweeneyVarduhi MelikyanAdam MiccoMegan MichelLidija MilašinovićAlissa MittnikJanet M MongeGeorgi NekhrizovRebecca NichollsAlexey G NikitinVassil NikolovMario NovakIñigo OlaldeJonas OppenheimerAnna OsterholtzCelal ÖzdemirKadir Toykan ÖzdoğanNurettin ÖztürkNikos PapadimitriouNiki PapakonstantinouAnastasia PapathanasiouLujana ParamanEvgeny G PaskaryNick PattersonIlian PetrakievLevon PetrosyanVanya PetrovaAnna Philippa-TouchaisAshot PiliposyanHrvoje PotrebicaBianca Preda-BălănicăZrinka PremužićT Douglas PriceLijun QiuSiniša RadovićKamal Raeuf AzizPetra Rajić ŠikanjićKamal Rasheed RaheemSergei RazumovAmy RichardsonJacob RoodenbergRudenc RukaVictoria RussevaMustafa ŞahinAyşegül ŞarbakEmre SavaşConstanze SchattkeLynne A SchepartzTayfun SelçukAyla Sevim-ErolMichel Shamoon-PourHenry M ShephardAthanasios SiderisAngela SimalcsikHakob SimonyanVitalij SinikaKendra A SirakGhenadie SirbuMario ŠlausAndrei D SoficaruBilal SöğütArkadiusz SołtysiakÇilem Sönmez SözerMaria StathiMartin SteskalKristin StewardsonSharon StockerFadime Suata-AlpaslanAlexander SuvorovAnna Szécsényi-NagyTamás SzeniczeyNikolai TelnovStrahil TemovNadezhda TodorovaUlsi TotaGilles TouchaisSevi TriantaphyllouAtila TürkerMarina UgarkovićTodor ValchevFanica VeljanovskaZlatko VidevskiCristian ViragAnna WagnerSam WalshPiotr WłodarczakJ Noah WorkmanAram YardumianEvgenii YarovoyAlper Yener YavuzHakan YılmazFatma ZalzalaAnna ZettlZhao ZhangRafet ÇavuşoğluNadin RohlandRon PinhasiDavid ReichRuben DavtyanPublished in: Science (New York, N.Y.) (2022)
Literary and archaeological sources have preserved a rich history of Southern Europe and West Asia since the Bronze Age that can be complemented by genetics. Mycenaean period elites in Greece did not differ from the general population and included both people with some steppe ancestry and others, like the Griffin Warrior, without it. Similarly, people in the central area of the Urartian Kingdom around Lake Van lacked the steppe ancestry characteristic of the kingdom's northern provinces. Anatolia exhibited extraordinary continuity down to the Roman and Byzantine periods, with its people serving as the demographic core of much of the Roman Empire, including the city of Rome itself. During medieval times, migrations associated with Slavic and Turkic speakers profoundly affected the region.