Counteracting in Vitro Toxicity of the Ionophoric Mycotoxin Beauvericin-Synthetic Receptors to the Rescue.
Vincent OrnelisAndreja RajkovicMarlies DecleerBenedikt SasSarah De SaegerAnnemieke MadderPublished in: The Journal of organic chemistry (2019)
Beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins are toxic ionophoric cyclodepsipeptides that mainly occur in grains. As such, their presence in food commodities poses a concern for public health. To date, despite recent European Food Safety Authority emphasis on the need for more data to evaluate long-term toxicity effects, no suitable affinity reagents are available to detect the presence of BEA and derivatives in food samples. We here report on the synthesis of a small library of artificial receptors with varying cavity sizes and different hydrophobic building blocks. Immobilization of one of the receptors on solid support resulted in a strong retention of beauvericin, thus revealing promising properties as solid-phase extraction material for sample pretreatment. Furthermore, treatment of HepG2 cells with the most promising receptor markedly reduced beauvericin-induced cytotoxicity, hinting toward the possibility of using synthetic receptors as antidotes against ionophoric toxins.
Keyphrases
- public health
- solid phase extraction
- oxidative stress
- high performance liquid chromatography
- molecularly imprinted
- simultaneous determination
- tandem mass spectrometry
- gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- diabetic rats
- big data
- high glucose
- machine learning
- drug induced
- risk assessment
- combination therapy
- capillary electrophoresis
- smoking cessation
- oxide nanoparticles