PES Pathogens in Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia.
Catian CillonizCristina DominedoAntonello NicoliniAntoni TorresPublished in: Microorganisms (2019)
Worldwide, there is growing concern about the burden of pneumonia. Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is frequently complicated by pulmonary and extra-pulmonary complications, including sepsis, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and acute cardiac events, resulting in significantly increased intensive care admission rates and mortality rates. Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) remains the most common causative pathogen in CAP. However, several bacteria and respiratory viruses are responsible, and approximately 6% of cases are due to the so-called PES (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, extended-spectrum β-lactamase Enterobacteriaceae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) pathogens. Of these, P. aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are the most frequently reported and require different antibiotic therapy to that for typical CAP. It is therefore important to recognize the risk factors for these pathogens to improve the outcomes in patients with CAP.
Keyphrases
- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- community acquired pneumonia
- septic shock
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- gram negative
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- multidrug resistant
- staphylococcus aureus
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- pulmonary hypertension
- mechanical ventilation
- antimicrobial resistance
- drug induced
- respiratory failure
- acinetobacter baumannii
- risk factors
- early onset
- klebsiella pneumoniae
- emergency department
- cystic fibrosis
- liver failure
- escherichia coli
- intensive care unit
- biofilm formation
- left ventricular
- acute kidney injury
- type diabetes
- cardiovascular disease
- cell therapy
- heart failure
- respiratory tract
- stem cells
- insulin resistance
- adipose tissue
- mesenchymal stem cells
- aortic dissection
- replacement therapy