Crystallization of ropivacaine and bupivacaine when mixed with different adjuvants: a semiquantitative light microscopy analysis.
Elisabeth HoernerOttokar StundnerGuenther PutzThorsten SteinfeldtSimon MathisLukas GasteigerPublished in: Regional anesthesia and pain medicine (2022)
Our study showed that crystallization is present in pure local anesthetics and may be increased or decreased by admixture of adjuvants. Higher pH of mixtures was weakly associated with more crystallization. Further research is necessary to translate these findings into clinical practice.