Simplified biplanar (0-90°) fluoroscopic puncture technique for percutaneous nephrolithotomy: the learning curve.

This study suggests that with the simplified biplanar (0-90º) puncture technique, the fluoroscopic screening time used in the learning process is brief. A novice fellow could require to complete ten cases to flatten the learning curve treating complex stone cases, and a flat learning curve is seen since the beginning when treating simple renal stones.