A situational analysis of latent tuberculosis infection among incarcerated population in Japan.

LTBI treatment was often being initiated without consideration for the patients' prison term. The treatment completion rate within jail was high, indicating the possibility that incarcerated population can benefit for LTBI treatment. On the other hand, the completion rate decreased significantly among those who had been released while still on treatment. In order to optimize the benefit, initiation of LTBI must carefully be considered upon the patient's prison term, as well as coordination among the relevant organizations to ensure continuity of care after release.