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A Comprehensive Guide to Sperm Recovery in Infertile Men with Retrograde Ejaculation.

Sajal GuptaRakesh Kumar SharmaAshok AgarwalNeel ParekhRenata FinelliRupin ShahHussein KandilRamadan SalehMohamed ArafaEdmund Y KoSimopoulou MaraArmand ZiniOsvaldo RajmilParviz K KavoussiKeerti SinghRafael Favero AmbarHaitham ElBardisiPallav SenguptaMarlon P MartinezFlorence BoitrelleMarco G AlvesKareim KhalafallaShubhadeep RoychoudhuryGian Maria BusettoJaime GosalvezNicholas N TadrosAyad PalaniMarcelo Gabriel Rodriguez PeñaChristina AnagnostopoulouSava MicicLucia RoccoTaymour MostafaJuan G AlvarezSunil K JindalHassan N SallamIsrael Maldonado RosasSheena E M LewisSami AlsaidMesut AltanHyun Jun ParkJonathan W RamsaySijo Joseph ParekattilMarjan SabbaghianKelton P TremellenParaskevi VogiatziMohammad Ali Sadighi GilaniDonald P EvensonGiovanni M Colpi Forum
Published in: The world journal of men's health (2021)
Retrograde ejaculation (RE) is a condition defined as the backward flow of the semen during ejaculation, and when present can result in male infertility. RE may be partial or complete, resulting in either low seminal volume or complete absence of the ejaculate (dry ejaculate). RE can result from anatomic, neurological or pharmacological conditions. The treatment approaches outlined are determined by the cause. Alkalinizing urinary pH with oral medications or by adding sperm wash media into the bladder prior to ejaculation may preserve the viability of the sperm. This article provides a step-by-step guide to diagnose RE and the optimal techniques to retrieve sperm.
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