Biological evaluation of a mechanical ventilator that operates by controlling an automated manual resuscitator. A descriptive study in swine.
Maryanne Melanie Gonzales CarazasCesar Miguel GavidiaRoberto Davila FernandezJuan Alberto Vargas ZuñigaAlberto Crespo PaivaWilliam BocanegraJoan CalderonEvelyn SanchezRosa PeralesBrandon ZeñaJuan Fernando Calcina IsiqueJaime ReateguiBenjamin CastañedaFanny L CasadoPublished in: PloS one (2022)
The Covid-19 outbreak challenged health systems around the world to design and implement cost-effective devices produced locally to meet the increased demand of mechanical ventilators worldwide. This study evaluates the physiological responses of healthy swine maintained under volume- or pressure-controlled mechanical ventilation by a mechanical ventilator implemented to bring life-support by automating a resuscitation bag and closely controlling ventilatory parameters. Physiological parameters were monitored in eight sedated animals (t0) prior to inducing deep anaesthesia, and during the next six hours of mechanical ventilation (t1-7). Hemodynamic conditions were monitored periodically using a portable gas analyser machine (i.e. BEecf, carbonate, SaO2, lactate, pH, PaO2, PaCO2) and a capnometer (i.e. ETCO2). Electrocardiogram, echocardiography and lung ultrasonography were performed to detect in vivo alterations in these vital organs and pathological findings from necropsy were reported. The mechanical ventilator properly controlled physiological levels of blood biochemistry such as oxygenation parameters (PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2, ETCO2), acid-base equilibrium (pH, carbonate, BEecf), and perfusion of tissues (lactate levels). In addition, histopathological analysis showed no evidence of acute tissue damage in lung, heart, liver, kidney, or brain. All animals were able to breathe spontaneously after undergoing mechanical ventilation. These preclinical data, supports the biological safety of the medical device to move forward to further evaluation in clinical studies.
Keyphrases
- mechanical ventilation
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- respiratory failure
- intensive care unit
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- cardiac arrest
- heart failure
- magnetic resonance imaging
- healthcare
- contrast enhanced
- oxidative stress
- computed tomography
- liver failure
- gene expression
- deep learning
- machine learning
- molecular dynamics
- left ventricular
- pulmonary hypertension
- white matter
- multiple sclerosis
- cell therapy
- cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- room temperature
- resting state
- hepatitis b virus
- blood flow
- molecular dynamics simulations
- carbon dioxide
- cerebral ischemia
- functional connectivity