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Epidemiology and predictors of traumatic spine injury in severely injured patients: implications for emergency procedures.

David HäskeRolf LeferingJan-Philipp StockMichael Kreinestnull null
Published in: European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society (2020)
In addition to the clinical symptoms of pain, we identify '4S' [spill (fall) > 3 m, seniority (age > 65 years), seriously injured, skull/traumatic brain injury] as an indication for increased attention for CSIs or indication for spinal motion restriction.
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