Comparison of oncological outcomes for hand-assisted and pure laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy: results from the Taiwan Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer Collaboration Group.

The performance of hand-assisted or pure LNU does not significantly affect the all-cause mortality, cancer-specific mortality, or extra-vesical recurrence for patients with non-metastatic UTUC. However, the hand-assisted laparoscopic approach could increase the risk of intra-vesical recurrence for patients who undergo LNU.