Stone ablation rates using innovative pulse modulation technology: Vapor tunnel, virtual basket, and bubble blast. An in vitro experimental study.

The Virtual BasketTM pulse-modulation technology was related to the highest ablation rates for both hard and soft stones, compared to the Bubble BlastTM and the Vapor TunnelTM technologies in high-power and low-power lithotripsy respectively. For the same high power settings, higher energy seems to provide higher ablation rates.