Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic disorder marked by deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or function, affecting various tissues and organs and leading to numerous complications. Mitochondrial biogenesis, the process by which cells generate new mitochondria utilizing existing ones plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and lipid handling. Recent evidence suggests that promoting mitochondrial biogenesis can alleviate insulin resistance in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle while improving pancreatic β-cell function. Moreover, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis has been shown to ameliorate T2DM symptoms and may contribute to therapeutic effects for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. This review summarizes the intricate connection between mitochondrial biogenesis and T2DM, highlighting the potential of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial biogenesis for T2DM treatment and its associated complications. It also discusses several natural products that exhibit beneficial effects on T2DM by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- insulin resistance
- adipose tissue
- glycemic control
- skeletal muscle
- type diabetes
- diabetic nephropathy
- risk factors
- high fat diet
- heart failure
- metabolic syndrome
- cardiovascular disease
- drug delivery
- physical activity
- cell proliferation
- risk assessment
- atrial fibrillation
- climate change
- weight loss
- replacement therapy
- smoking cessation
- endoplasmic reticulum