Extracellular vesicles from amniotic fluid, milk, saliva, and urine expose complexes of tissue factor and activated factor VII.

Here we show that EVs from amniotic fluid, milk, saliva, and urine expose complexes of TF and FVIIa (i.e., extrinsic tenase complexes) that directly activate FX. Based on our present findings we propose that these EVs from normal body fluids provide hemostatic protection.