Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on social behavior in female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) depend on male breeding season introductions.

MPA treatment is associated with differences in social behavior of female rhesus macaques during the breeding season, when normal hormonal cycles are attenuated by the treatment, but there is no indication that MPA-treated females bring an additional risk for more aggression during the male introduction and breeding season.