Nitrogen-Containing Bisphosphonates Downregulate Cathepsin K and Upregulate Annexin V in Osteoclasts Cultured In Vitro .

Bisphosphonates added to bone cells inhibited osteoclastogenesis, which led to the downregulation of cathepsin K and induction of apoptosis in osteoclasts; these changes limited the capacity of bone remodelling and healing that may contribute to BRONJ induced by surgical dental procedures.