Photosynthesis - beyond the leaf.

Although leaves are considered the main site for photosynthesis, other green non-foliar tissues can carry out considerable amounts of photosynthetic carbon assimilation. With photosynthesis a potential target for improving crop productivity, the physiology and contribution of non-foliar tissues to overall plant carbon acquisition is gaining increasing attention. This review will provide an overview of non-foliar photosynthesis, the role of stomata in these tissues, and methodologies for quantification and the contribution to overall carbon gain.