A mountable toilet system for personalized health monitoring via the analysis of excreta.
Seung-Min ParkDaeyoun D WonBrian J LeeDiego EscobedoAndre EstevaAmin AalipourT Jessie GeJung Ha KimSusie SuhElliot H ChoiAlexander X LozanoChengyang YaoSunil BodapatiFriso B AchterbergJeesu KimHwan ParkYoungjae ChoiWoo Jin KimJung Ho YuAlexander M BhattJong Kyun LeeRyan SpitlerShan X WangSanjiv Sam GambhirPublished in: Nature biomedical engineering (2020)
Technologies for the longitudinal monitoring of a person's health are poorly integrated with clinical workflows, and have rarely produced actionable biometric data for healthcare providers. Here, we describe easily deployable hardware and software for the long-term analysis of a user's excreta through data collection and models of human health. The 'smart' toilet, which is self-contained and operates autonomously by leveraging pressure and motion sensors, analyses the user's urine using a standard-of-care colorimetric assay that traces red-green-blue values from images of urinalysis strips, calculates the flow rate and volume of urine using computer vision as a uroflowmeter, and classifies stool according to the Bristol stool form scale using deep learning, with performance that is comparable to the performance of trained medical personnel. Each user of the toilet is identified through their fingerprint and the distinctive features of their anoderm, and the data are securely stored and analysed in an encrypted cloud server. The toilet may find uses in the screening, diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of specific patient populations.
Keyphrases
- healthcare
- deep learning
- human health
- electronic health record
- risk assessment
- big data
- public health
- mental health
- gold nanoparticles
- health information
- artificial intelligence
- convolutional neural network
- palliative care
- hydrogen peroxide
- sensitive detection
- nitric oxide
- body composition
- small molecule
- resistance training
- social media
- mass spectrometry
- high resolution
- fluorescent probe