Near-infrared cholecysto-cholangiography with indocyanine green may secure cholecystectomy in difficult clinical situations: proof of the concept in a porcine model.

Fluorescence cholecysto-cholangiography through direct intragallbladder ICG injection could rapidly provide an adequate visualization of gallbladder neck and cystic duct and might be a valid option to increase the safety of cholecystectomy in case of cholecystitis.