In addition to the existing social law options for primary care under medical responsibility for those with statutory health insurance, there are several projects to supplement the service structures: healthcare kiosks, primary care centers and community health nursing as well as general practitioner outpatient clinics in hospitals. These new projects amount to an institutionalization of services that were previously based at outpatient offices and partially to the transfer of medical services that were previously the responsibility of doctors to the responsibility of non-physician healthcare professionals, with additional financial outlay but without creating new care capacities. The constructs considered do not appear to be suitable for making a relevant contribution to compensating for the gap in doctors specialized in general or internal medicine and in other medical professionals in a demographically induced capacity phasing out process that is forecast to last until around 2036. The further development of German social law on primary care should instead focus on increasing the efficiency of resources which are becoming scarcer through guided and graduated access to doctors according to medical criteria.