Constructing Biomass-Based Ultrahigh-Rate Performance SnO y @C/SiO x Anode for LIBs via Disproportionation Effect.

To break the stereotype that silica can only be reduced via a magnesiothermic and aluminothermic method at low-temperature condition, the novel strategy for converting silica to SiO x using disproportionation effect of SnO generated via low-temperature pyrolysis coreduction reaction between SnO 2 and rice husk is proposed, without any raw materials waste and environmental hazards. After the low-temperature pyrolysis reaction, SnO y @C/SiO x composites with unique structure (Sn/SnO 2 dispersed on the surface and within pores of biochar as well as SiO x residing in the interior) are obtained due to the exclusive biological properties of rice husk. Such unique structural features render SnO y @C/SiO x composites with an excellent talent for repairing the damaged structure and the highly electrochemical storage ability (530.8 mAh g -1 at 10 A g -1 after 7500 cycles). Furthermore, assembled LiFePO 4 ||SnO y -50@C/SiO x full cell displays a high discharge capacity of 463.7 mAh g -1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g -1 . The Li + transport mechanism is revealed by density functional theory calculations. This work provides references and ideas for green, efficient, and high-value to reduce SiO 2 , especially in biomass, which also avoids the waste of raw materials in the production process, and becomes an essential step in sustainable development.