Drug safety in Africa: a review of systems and resources for pharmacovigilance.

African countries are at different maturity levels and pharmacovigilance competence. A few countries have outstanding pharmacovigilance systems, while the majority do not have fully functional systems. African countries may pool resources through regional blocs to implement joint pharmacovigilance activities. With advancements in technology, countries are expected to embrace artificial intelligence to ensure sustainable pharmacovigilance practices.