This analysis examines the association between crack/cocaine use only and the SAVA syndemic ((any substance use, AND being exposed to violence, AND having HIV/AIDS risk behaviors) at baseline and any felony, misdemeanor, or municipal violations by an 8-month follow-up. Data comes from 317 women recruited from a Municipal Drug Court System in the Midwest. Among the sample, 45% of the women had at least one felony, misdemeanor, or a municipal violation at the 8-month follow-up (felony: 20%; misdemeanor or municipal violation 25%). Multinomial regression revealed that crack/cocaine use and SAVA at baseline were associated specifically with misdemeanors OR 2.21 (95% CI: 1.21, 4.04) and OR 3.60 (95% CI: 1.23, 10.56) respectively, no increases in odds of felonies were evident. Women with a higher number of lifetime arrests were also significantly more likely to have a greater number of offenses postbaseline, while black women were considerably less likely to be charged with misdemeanors. Recent crack/cocaine use with or without the mutually reinforcing issues of victimization, and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors significantly increased the odds of a misdemeanors/municipal violation. However, significant increases in odds of more severe offenses (felonies) were not evident. Interventions aimed to reduce offenses should offer additional support for crack/cocaine users.
Keyphrases
- hiv aids
- wastewater treatment
- antiretroviral therapy
- sewage sludge
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- human immunodeficiency virus
- hiv infected
- breast cancer risk
- pregnancy outcomes
- pregnant women
- physical activity
- adipose tissue
- machine learning
- emergency department
- cervical cancer screening
- type diabetes
- quality improvement
- skeletal muscle
- early onset
- electronic health record
- insulin resistance
- mental illness
- big data
- deep learning