News Insights into the Host-Parasite Interactions of Amyloodiniosis in European Sea Bass: A Multi-Modal Approach.
Michela MassimoDonatella VolpattiMarco GaleottiJames E BronPaola BeraldoPublished in: Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Amyloodiniosis is a disease resulting from infestation by the ectoparasitic dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum (AO) and is a threat for fish species such as European sea bass (ESB, Dicentrarchus labrax ), which are farmed in lagoon and land-based rearing sites. During the summer, when temperatures are highest, mortality rates can reach 100%, with serious impacts for the aquaculture industry. As no effective licensed therapies currently exist, this study was undertaken to improve knowledge of the biology of AO and of the host-parasite relationship between the protozoan and ESB, in order to formulate better prophylactic/therapeutic treatments targeting AO. To achieve this, a multi-modal study was performed involving a broad range of analytical modalities, including conventional histology (HIS), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Gills and the oro-pharyngeal cavity were the primary sites of amyloodiniosis, with hyperplasia and cell degeneration more evident in severe infestations (HIS). Plasmacells and macrophages were localised by IHC and correlated with the parasite burden in a time-course experimental challenge. CLSM allowed reconstruction of the 3D morphology of infecting trophonts and suggested a protein composition for its anchoring and feeding structures. These findings provide a potential starting point for the development of new prophylactic/therapeutic controls.
Keyphrases
- high resolution
- healthcare
- toxoplasma gondii
- plasmodium falciparum
- single cell
- stem cells
- high speed
- optical coherence tomography
- risk factors
- early onset
- cardiovascular events
- cell therapy
- trypanosoma cruzi
- high throughput
- single molecule
- mass spectrometry
- cancer therapy
- coronary artery disease
- bone marrow
- risk assessment
- drug induced