Impact of Environmental and Epigenetic Changes on Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Aging.
Nicholas SmithSuzanna ShiraziDimitrios CakourosStan GronthosPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
Many crucial epigenetic changes occur during early skeletal development and throughout life due to aging, disease and are heavily influenced by an individual's lifestyle. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression as the result of changes in the environment without any mutation in the underlying DNA sequence. The epigenetic profiles of cells are dynamic and mediated by different mechanisms, including histone modifications, non-coding RNA-associated gene silencing and DNA methylation. Given the underlining role of dysfunctional mesenchymal tissues in common age-related skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, investigations into skeletal stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their functional deregulation during aging has been of great interest and how this is mediated by an evolving epigenetic landscape. The present review describes the recent findings in epigenetic changes of MSCs that effect growth and cell fate determination in the context of aging, diet, exercise and bone-related diseases.
Keyphrases
- dna methylation
- gene expression
- mesenchymal stem cells
- stem cells
- genome wide
- umbilical cord
- bone marrow
- physical activity
- cell fate
- induced apoptosis
- copy number
- weight loss
- bone mineral density
- postmenopausal women
- cell therapy
- cardiovascular disease
- circulating tumor
- oxidative stress
- liquid chromatography
- single molecule
- body composition
- human health
- nucleic acid
- molecularly imprinted
- resistance training
- risk assessment