Synthesis, structural characterization, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, DFT calculation, and molecular docking of novel substituted phenolic and heterocyclic compounds.

The current work describes the preparation of three unexpected compounds: a tetrasubstituted phenolic compound, an isocoumarin, and a pyranopyridine, bearing various substituent groups obtained through the condensation of 6-methyl-4-hydroxypyran-2-one 1 with 2-aminopyridine 2 under mild conditions. Plausible mechanisms explaining the formation of these compounds have been presented. Their structures have been elucidated using spectral data and confirmed by crystallographic studies. Furthermore, optimized geometries of and electronic distribution of FMOs orbitals are investigated in the PCM solvent model at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The compounds were tested for their antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Moreover, the binding interactions between the compounds and α -glucosidase and α -amylase were determined through their docking into the binding sites of the target enzymes using the Autodock package.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.