Neutrophils and their extracellular traps impair ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser-induced dermal remolding in mice.

AFL-treated human and mouse skin recruited a large number of neutrophils. The neutrophil surge impaired dermal remodeling in mice. The microenvironment and fibroblast functional modulation mediated by neutrophil degranulation and NET formation were determined to be the underlying mechanisms. Our results indicate that modification of infiltrated neutrophil activity might be a potential therapeutic target for AFL-induced dermal remodeling.