IR is highly prevalent occurring in 50 to 95% of general and obese PCOS women. The etiology of PCOS involves IR and hyperandrogenism, which lead to CVD risk factors, subclinical CVD, and CVD outcomes. Multiple studies including meta-analysis confirmed a strong association between PCOS and CVD events including ischemic heart disease, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes, particularly among premenopausal women, and these associations were mediated by metabolic abnormalities. PCOS is highly familial and has substantial CVD risk and transgenerational effects regardless of obesity. A personalized approach to the CVD risk assessment and management of symptom manifestations should be conducted according to its phenotypes. Lifestyle modifications and reduction in environmental stressors should be encouraged for CVD prevention among PCOS women.
Keyphrases
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome
- cardiovascular disease
- type diabetes
- adipose tissue
- atrial fibrillation
- high fat diet
- skeletal muscle
- risk factors
- risk assessment
- weight loss
- systematic review
- high fat diet induced
- glycemic control
- heart failure
- human health
- cardiovascular risk factors
- direct oral anticoagulants
- physical activity
- pregnant women
- postmenopausal women
- bariatric surgery
- venous thromboembolism
- meta analyses